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A solar cell, the fundamental unit in a solar energy system, converts light energy into electric energy by using an unlimited clean energy source: sunlight. Additionally, solar photovoltaics do not cause secondary environmental pollution. A relatively high price in comparison to conventional power generation is the main obstacle to widespread use of solar cells; however, this challenge is currently being overcome by government grant subsidies and market expansion.

The photovoltaic effect is the basic physical process whereby a photovoltaic cell converts sunlight into electricity. Sunlight is composed of photons — packets of solar energy. Each photon contains an amount of energy that corresponds to its wavelength in the solar spectrum. When photons strike a photovoltaic cell, they may be reflected, absorbed, or they may pass right through. The absorbed photons generate electricity.



Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) consist of a crystallization system, and inorganic and organic thin film systems according to the structure and elements of the solar cells.

Related information about the principle & structure of DSSC solar cell.

